To reproduce: please refer to the attached sample project and follow the steps in the provided gif file: 
1. Enter something in the search bar
2. Filter on some column, uncheck "All", then select a few items, then validate
3. Click on a random row on the grid
4. Filter on the same column as in 2., check "All", then uncheck a few items, then validate

Workaround:

private void radGridView1_FilterChanged(object sender, Telerik.WinControls.UI.GridViewCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
    this.radGridView1.MasterTemplate.Refresh();
}