Currently, the scrollbars width is calculated only according to  SystemInformation.VerticalScrollBarWidth.

Workaround:
class MyRTE : RadRichTextEditor
{
    protected override void CreateChildItems(RadElement parent)
    {
        var rte = new MyRTEElement();
        typeof(RadRichTextEditor).GetField("richTextBox", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance).SetValue(this, rte);
        parent.Children.Add(rte);

    }
}
public class MyRTEElement : RadRichTextBox
{
    protected override SizeF ArrangeOverride(SizeF finalSize)
    {
        base.ArrangeOverride(finalSize);


        System.Drawing.RectangleF finalRect = new System.Drawing.RectangleF(System.Drawing.PointF.Empty, finalSize);
        System.Drawing.RectangleF clientRect = finalRect;

        System.Drawing.RectangleF horizontalScrollRect = System.Drawing.RectangleF.Empty;
        System.Drawing.RectangleF verticalScrollRect = System.Drawing.RectangleF.Empty;
        System.Drawing.RectangleF presenterArea = clientRect;

        if (this.VerticalScrollBar.Visibility != Telerik.WinControls.ElementVisibility.Collapsed)
        {
            verticalScrollRect = new System.Drawing.RectangleF(
                new System.Drawing.PointF(finalRect.Right - this.VerticalScrollBar.Size.Width, finalRect.Top),
                new System.Drawing.SizeF(this.VerticalScrollBar.Size.Width, finalRect.Height));
        }

        if (this.HorizontalScrollBar.Visibility != Telerik.WinControls.ElementVisibility.Collapsed)
        {
            horizontalScrollRect = new System.Drawing.RectangleF(
                new System.Drawing.PointF(finalRect.Left, finalRect.Bottom - this.HorizontalScrollBar.Size.Height),
                new System.Drawing.SizeF(finalRect.Width, this.HorizontalScrollBar.Size.Height));
            if (this.VerticalScrollBar.Visibility != Telerik.WinControls.ElementVisibility.Collapsed)
            {
                horizontalScrollRect.Width -= this.VerticalScrollBar.Size.Width;
                verticalScrollRect.Height -= this.HorizontalScrollBar.Size.Height;
            }
        }

        presenterArea.Width -= verticalScrollRect.Width;
        presenterArea.Height -= horizontalScrollRect.Height;

        if (this.RightToLeft)
        {
            horizontalScrollRect = Telerik.WinControls.Layouts.LayoutUtils.RTLTranslateNonRelative(horizontalScrollRect, clientRect);
            verticalScrollRect = Telerik.WinControls.Layouts.LayoutUtils.RTLTranslateNonRelative(verticalScrollRect, clientRect);
            presenterArea = Telerik.WinControls.Layouts.LayoutUtils.RTLTranslateNonRelative(presenterArea, clientRect);
        }

        this.VerticalScrollBar.Arrange(verticalScrollRect);
        this.HorizontalScrollBar.Arrange(horizontalScrollRect);
        var contentPresenter = typeof(RadRichTextBox).GetField("contentPresenter", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic).GetValue(this) as ContentControl;
        contentPresenter.Arrange(presenterArea);

        return finalSize;
    }
    protected override SizeF MeasureOverride(SizeF availableSize)
    {
        base.MeasureOverride(availableSize);

        System.Drawing.SizeF horizontalScrollSize = System.Drawing.SizeF.Empty;
        System.Drawing.SizeF verticalScrollSize = System.Drawing.SizeF.Empty;
        System.Drawing.SizeF presenterSize = availableSize;

        if (this.VerticalScrollBar.Visibility != Telerik.WinControls.ElementVisibility.Collapsed)
        {
            verticalScrollSize = new System.Drawing.SizeF(this.VerticalScrollBar.Size.Width, availableSize.Height);
        }

        if (this.HorizontalScrollBar.Visibility != Telerik.WinControls.ElementVisibility.Collapsed)
        {
            horizontalScrollSize = new System.Drawing.SizeF(availableSize.Width, this.HorizontalScrollBar.Size.Height);
        }

        presenterSize.Width -= verticalScrollSize.Width;
        presenterSize.Height -= horizontalScrollSize.Height;
        //presenterSize = base.GetClientRectangle(presenterSize).Size;

        this.VerticalScrollBar.Measure(verticalScrollSize);
        this.HorizontalScrollBar.Measure(horizontalScrollSize);

        var contentPresenter = typeof(RadRichTextBox).GetField("contentPresenter", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic).GetValue(this) as ContentControl;
        contentPresenter.Measure(presenterSize);

        return availableSize;
    }
    
}