Say you have a button which clears the old nodes and adds a number of new child nodes to the currently selected node. If the selected node is collapsed, the newly added nodes are not visible but the scrollbar updates as if they were.

Workaround the issue by using the BeginUpdate/EndUpdate methods of RadTreeView when updating the nodes:
radTreeView1.BeginUpdate();
    node.Nodes.Clear();
    foreach (RadTreeNode treeNode in nodes)
    {
        node.Nodes.Add((RadTreeNode)treeNode.Clone());
    }
    radTreeView1.EndUpdate();