Steps to repdoduce: 

Using VS2013 open a .tstest file from the Solution Explorer window. Make any change to the .tstest file (ie. uncheck and recheck a 'Coded Step' check box).
Save the .tstest file
Click 'Clean Solution'
Click 'Build Solution'
Copy all solution files to a folder on a virtual Windows 10 desktop that has the Telerik Test Studio Runtime 2017.1 installed.
Use a batch file to call ArtOfTest.exe to run the .tstest file
Getting multiple compile errors when ArtOfTest.exe starts the .tstest file


As a workaround the following approach could be applied: 



Inserting this line in the pre-build event for the projects that have a pages.g.vb file:
powershell -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned  -command "(get-item C:\PathToProjectRootFolder\pages.g.vb).LastWriteTime  = get-date"
With that script in the pre-event, we need to either do a save all then build solution, or build the solution twice, and the pages.g.vb file no longer creates an issue of blocking compilation on the runtime machines