The values applied to the row/column should be explicitly set on each used cell as well. Otherwise, if they are applied on row/column only, the used cells don't use the desired values when opening the document.
To reproduce:
Observed: All cells except A1 have the specified color.
Workaround: Use cell selection, e.g.:
sheet.Cells[0,10].SetFill(PatternFill.CreateSolidFill(Colors.Red));