When a document containing a SignatureField is exported with the IsEncrypted property set to true, a not set UserPassword is required to open it, which makes it impossible to be opened.
Workaround: Exporting with AES256 encryption does not have this problem:
provider.ExportSettings = new PdfExportSettings
{
IsEncrypted = true,
EncryptionType = EncryptionType.AES256
};