When the RadWindow is declared in XAML and is used as a main window, it won't show in the designer by simply merging the required theme resources and defining an implicit style based on the RadWindowStyle.
Tested with 16.8.4 - works as expected. Updated to 16.9.0 to match the client's setup and managed to reproduce the issue. The issue is reproducible also with the 16.10.0 version of Visual Studio.