To reproduce:

radTreeView1.Filter = "new";
var node = new RadTreeNode( "test" );
radTreeView1.Nodes.Add( node );
//here the node is not in the Nodes collection
if ( radTreeView1.Nodes.Contains( node ) == false )
{
 radTreeView1.Nodes.Add( new RadTreeNode( "test" ) );
}

Workaround: remove the filter, perform the desired check and restore the filter